Greenland, the largest island on Earth, lies to the east of North America off the coast of Canada. It is mentioned in Cthulhu Mythos stories by H. P. Lovecraft, and is thought to be at least part of the location of Clark Ashton Smith's Hyperborea.
In Lovecraft's Fiction[]
In "The Call of Cthulhu", Princeton anthropology professor William Channing Webb tells a gathering of archeologists about his 1860 visit to Greenland, in which "high up on the West Greenland coast [he] had encountered a singular tribe or cult of degenerate Esquimaux whose religion, a curious form of devil-worship, chilled him with its deliberate bloodthirstiness and repulsiveness." Their religion, rejected by other Esquimaux, "had come down from horribly ancient aeons before ever the world was made." It required human sacrifice, as well as "certain queer hereditary rituals addressed to a supreme elder devil or tornasuk"; in a formula provided by "an aged angekok or wizard-priest," their deity is addressed as "dead Cthulhu". A fetish "around which they danced when the aurora leaped high over the ice cliffs" closely resembled one retrieved by Inspector John Raymond Legrasse in the Louisiana swamps.
The revision story "The Horror in the Museum" alludes to "the sharp horn of Gnoph-keh, the hairy myth-thing of the Greenland ice, that walked sometimes on two legs, sometimes on four, and sometimes on six."
Clark Ashton Smith[]
Clark Ashton Smith, in his story "Ubbo-Sathla", writes of the Crystal of Zon Mezzamalech: "A geologist found it in Greenland, beneath glacial ice, in the Miocene strata.... It may have belonged to some sorcerer of primeval Thule. Greenland was a warm, fertile region, beneath the sun of Miocene times."